# FedFlow

> FedFlow traces where US federal money comes from and where it goes, fiscal years 2017–2025. It assembles Treasury Monthly Treasury Statement receipts and net outlays with USAspending agency, federal-account, program-activity and object-class detail into one flow, and publishes both an interactive visualization and static per-year and per-agency pages. All dollar figures in the underlying JSON are in billions.

Latest complete fiscal year: FY2025 — $5.23T receipts, $7.01T outlays, $1.78T deficit. The most recent fiscal years are regenerated nightly at 09:00 UTC; last generated 2026-08-23.

## Data

- [JSON data documentation](https://fedflow.pages.dev/data/): endpoints, schema, units, caching, CORS and known gaps.
- [Snapshot manifest](https://fedflow-data.fedflow.workers.dev/manifest.json): available fiscal years and the generation timestamp.
- [FY2025 top-level snapshot](https://fedflow-data.fedflow.workers.dev/snap/top/2025.json): revenue sources, agencies, links and totals.
- [Agency snapshot example](https://fedflow-data.fedflow.workers.dev/snap/agency-hhs/2025.json): one agency split into federal accounts.
- [USAspending API](https://api.usaspending.gov/): upstream source for agency, account and award detail.
- [Treasury Fiscal Data — Monthly Treasury Statement](https://fiscaldata.treasury.gov/datasets/monthly-treasury-statement/): upstream source for receipts and net outlays.
- License: [CC0 1.0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) — US federal data, public domain.

## Pages

- [Interactive explorer](https://fedflow.pages.dev/): Sankey flow, treemap and state map. Requires JavaScript; the static pages below do not.
- [FY2017 federal spending](https://fedflow.pages.dev/fy/2017/): $3.31T receipts, $3.98T outlays, $666B deficit; tables of revenue by source and outlays by agency.
- [FY2018 federal spending](https://fedflow.pages.dev/fy/2018/): $3.33T receipts, $4.11T outlays, $779B deficit; tables of revenue by source and outlays by agency.
- [FY2019 federal spending](https://fedflow.pages.dev/fy/2019/): $3.46T receipts, $4.45T outlays, $984B deficit; tables of revenue by source and outlays by agency.
- [FY2020 federal spending](https://fedflow.pages.dev/fy/2020/): $3.42T receipts, $6.55T outlays, $3.13T deficit; tables of revenue by source and outlays by agency.
- [FY2021 federal spending](https://fedflow.pages.dev/fy/2021/): $4.05T receipts, $6.82T outlays, $2.77T deficit; tables of revenue by source and outlays by agency.
- [FY2022 federal spending](https://fedflow.pages.dev/fy/2022/): $4.90T receipts, $6.27T outlays, $1.38T deficit; tables of revenue by source and outlays by agency.
- [FY2023 federal spending](https://fedflow.pages.dev/fy/2023/): $4.44T receipts, $6.13T outlays, $1.70T deficit; tables of revenue by source and outlays by agency.
- [FY2024 federal spending](https://fedflow.pages.dev/fy/2024/): $4.92T receipts, $6.75T outlays, $1.83T deficit; tables of revenue by source and outlays by agency.
- [FY2025 federal spending](https://fedflow.pages.dev/fy/2025/): $5.23T receipts, $7.01T outlays, $1.78T deficit; tables of revenue by source and outlays by agency.
- [Health & Human Services, FY2025](https://fedflow.pages.dev/fy/2025/hhs/): $1.87T in outlays, broken down by federal account.
- [Social Security Admin., FY2025](https://fedflow.pages.dev/fy/2025/ssa/): $1.64T in outlays, broken down by federal account.
- [Treasury, FY2025](https://fedflow.pages.dev/fy/2025/treas/): $1.45T in outlays, broken down by federal account.
- [Defense, FY2025](https://fedflow.pages.dev/fy/2025/dod/): $864B in outlays, broken down by federal account.
- [Veterans Affairs, FY2025](https://fedflow.pages.dev/fy/2025/va/): $374B in outlays, broken down by federal account.
- [Agriculture, FY2025](https://fedflow.pages.dev/fy/2025/usda/): $226B in outlays, broken down by federal account.
- [Fed. retirement (OPM), FY2025](https://fedflow.pages.dev/fy/2025/opm/): $128B in outlays, broken down by federal account.
- [Transportation, FY2025](https://fedflow.pages.dev/fy/2025/dot/): $127B in outlays, broken down by federal account.
- [Homeland Security, FY2025](https://fedflow.pages.dev/fy/2025/dhs/): $115B in outlays, broken down by federal account.
- [Energy, FY2025](https://fedflow.pages.dev/fy/2025/doe/): $52B in outlays, broken down by federal account.
- [Sitemap](https://fedflow.pages.dev/sitemap.xml): every static page.

## Definitions

- [Obligations vs. outlays](https://fedflow.pages.dev/data/): An obligation is a binding commitment to pay — a signed contract, an awarded grant, an entitlement claim accepted — recorded in the year the government promises the money. An outlay is cash actually leaving the Treasury, which often happens in a later year than the obligation that authorized it, so the two figures for the same account rarely match.
- [Units](https://fedflow.pages.dev/data/): every monetary value in the JSON is US dollars in billions; `totals.gdp` is trillions and `totals.pop` is millions.
- [Receipts](https://fedflow.pages.dev/fy/2025/): money collected by the Treasury — income, payroll, corporate, customs, excise and estate taxes plus Federal Reserve remittances and miscellaneous receipts.
- [Deficit](https://fedflow.pages.dev/fy/2025/): outlays minus receipts for the fiscal year, financed by issuing Treasury debt.
- [Federal account](https://fedflow.pages.dev/fy/2025/hhs/): the Treasury account an agency's money is appropriated into; the level below an agency.

## Caveats

- Revenue → agency flows are pro-rata: federal money is fungible.
- Agency outlays scaled by 99.4% so that they sum to total net outlays (negative offsetting receipts).
- Sub-award data is incomplete. The map view shows prime awards by place of performance; sub-awards (money that flows on from a prime recipient to a subcontractor or subgrantee) are not reliably reported to USAspending and are excluded.
- Classified spending is absent. Defense Department programs that are classified are not reported to USAspending, so the Defense figures below the top level understate actual outlays.
- Outlays below the federal-account level are apportioned pro-rata from obligations, not independently measured — USAspending does not publish an outlays breakdown at that granularity, so each child’s share of its parent’s outlays is assumed equal to its share of obligations.
- The top-level total mixes sources. The top-level total is Treasury's Monthly Treasury Statement (MTS) net outlays figure, while every drilled-in level (agency, federal account, program activity, object class) comes from USAspending's gross award/obligation figures. The two are not perfectly reconcilable.
- GDP and population are a bundled static table (shared/src/static.ts), not fetched live — Treasury’s Fiscal Data API does not publish either series, so the "% GDP" and "per capita" units are computed against fixed, approximate annual figures rather than live data.